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FESTIVAL  HALL  AND  CASCADES 

WORLD’S  FAIR,  ST.  LOUIS,  U.  S.  A.,  1904. 


THE 

UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION 

Beautifully  Illustrated 

Official  publication 

Illustrations  reproduced  from  Goerz  Lens  photographs,  made  by  Official  Photographic  Company, 

Slilliam  R.  Rau,  Director  of  photography. 


AN  EVENING  DRILL  ON  PLAZA  ST.  LOUIS 


published  by  Official  photographic  Company,  St.  Louis,  O.  S.  H. 

ROBERT  A.  REID, 

Director  of  View  Book  Publications. 


Che  Crade  Supplied  bv  Hmcrican  JVews  Company  and  its  Branches 


COPYRIGHT,  1904,  BY 
LOUISIANA  PURCHASE  EXPOSITION  CO 


Single  copies  mailed  by  publishers  for  $1.10. 
Address  city  office,  Official  Photographic  Co.,  St.  Louis. 


PRESS  OF 

SAM  'L  F.  MYERSON  PRINTING  CO.,  ST.  LOUIS. 


'Cbe  (florid's  Greatest  Gxposition 


In  this  book  of  views  of  buildings  and  chief  features  of  the  World’s  Fair  we  have  a  splendid 
souvenir  of  the  world’s  greatest  Exposition.  In  its  compilation  the  editor  has  aimed  to  select  the 
most  artistic  views  from  hundreds  taken  by  expert  photographers  for  the  official  books. 

The  World’s  Fair  of  1904  marks  another  epoch  in  the  advancement  of  civilization  throughout 
the  wrorld  and  while  celebrating  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  one  of  the  greatest  historical  events, 
the  Louisiana  Purchase,  it  is  a  most  appropriate  festival  for  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century. 
To  everyone  who  has  seen  the  Exposition  the  views  herein  will  bring  up  a  train  of  memories  to 
sweeten  and  prolong  the  priceless  benefits  derived  from  the  visit  within  its  gates.  Every  building 
has  its  important  place  and  purpose  in  the  magnificent  picture  which  lasts  for  a  single  season  only,v 
and  only  in  such  books  as  this  will  it  be  preserved  for  contemplation  in  after  years. 

The  exhibit  palaces  and  attendant  buildings  in  their  setting  of  flowers,  shrubs,  trees,  lawns, 
fountains,  lagoons,  cascades  and  statuary,  make  a  picture  of  unsurpassed  beauty  and  of  heretofore 
unattempted  grandeur.  The  complete  artistic  success  of  the  vast  exterior  of  the  Exposition  is 
shown  by  the  many  views  to  be  seen  within  this  volume,  while  its  success  in  the  complete  portrayal 
of  modern  life  in  all  phases  and  in  all  countries  is  acknowledged  by  the  millions  of  visitors  who 
have  seen  the  wonderful  displays  in  all  buildings. 

No  tongue  or  pen  can  describe  the  glories  of  the  Exposition  of  1904.  No  matter  how  high 
one’s  expectations,  his  imagination  must  fall  far  short  of  the  realization  when  he  walks  for  the  first 
time  into  the  Court  of  the  Cascades  and  looks  upon  the  great  Festival  Hall,  which  has  no  peer  for 
beauty  in  the  world,  and  whose  surroundings  are  equally  grand  and  inspiring. 


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FESTIVAL  HALL  AND  GRAND  BASIN. 

The  view  shown  is  one  of  the  majestic  sweeps  of  the  Cascade  Gardens  and  their  settings.  At  the  left  rises  the  dome  of  Festival  Hall,  2"0  feet  above  the  crown  f  the  lull 
on  which  it  stands.  Rich  carpets  of  sward  slope  gracefully  down  toward  the  waters  of  the  Grand  Basin,  and  the  wonderful  rainbow  gardening  makes  a  picture  tva  t  be  excelled 
elsewhere.  The  observer  contemplating  this  scene  faces  nearly  west.  The  western  arm  of  the  Colonnade  of  States  connects  Festival  Hall  with  the  restaurant  pavilion  near  the 
center  of  the  picture.  Tire  ever-charming  cascade  at  the  west  shows  clearly,  though  the  great  central  cascade  can  be  better  seen  from  the  Grand  Basin.  Toward  the  right,  the 
250-foot  circle  of  the  Observation  Wheel  is  sharply  defined  against  the  sky,  and  at  the  extreme  right  a  portion  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery  may  be  seen.  A  part  of  the  white  w  alls 
of  Jerusalem  peers  over  the  hill.  The  scene  is  one  of  majesty,  of  vastness,  of  many  objects  combined  into  a  satisfying  and  harmonious  whole.  It  tills  the  eye.  and  delights  with  a 
wealth  of  color  and  grace  of  line,  and  charms  with  the  swirl  and  play  of  water.  The  surface  of  the  basin  ripples  and  dapples  under  the  wind  and  the  sun.  and  t  >  c  implete  the 
satisfaction  of  the  beholder  the  sounds  of  music  and  of  voices  add  the  human  note. 


LOUISIANA  PURCHASE  MONUMENT  FROM  GRAND  BASIN. 

There  is  but  one  monument  in  the  Exposition  grounds,  the  magnificent  Louisiana  Purchase  monument  that  stands  at  the  head  of  the  Plaza  of  St.  Louis,  directly  opposite  the 
central  cascade.  It  is  a  majestic  shaft,  100  feet  high,  and  is  crowned  by  Carl  Bitter’s  colossal  statue  of  Peace.  At  the  base,  on  the  side  facing  the  Grand  Basin,  is  a  group  of 
portrait  statues  showing  the  commissioners  in  the  act  of  signing  the  Louisiana  treaty.  At  the  two  sides  are  symbolic  figures  of  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  rivers.  On  the  side 
facing  the  Plaza  is  the  speaker’s  stand  from  which  many  noted  visitors  have  already  addressed  the  exposition  throngs.  In  the  foreground  are  the  splendid  sculptural  groups, 
illustrating  western  life,  and  close  by  are  the  equestrian  figures  of  De  Soto,  Joliet,  and  Louis  IX,  king  of  France,  for  whom  St.  Louis  was  named.  A  corner  of  the  Palace  of 
Manufactures  is  half  screened  from  view  by  leafy  maples,  and  the  snow-crowned  peaks  of  the  Alps  tower  in  the  distance. 


PALACE  OF  ART. 

Four  pretentious  buildings  make  up  the  Art  Group,  representing  an  outlay  of  more  than  Si  ,000,000.  The  group  stands  on  the  plateau  southwest  of  the  Festival  Hall.  The 
central  building  is  of  Bedford  limestone,  a  permanent  gallery  of  art.  Besides  a  great  central  hall,  it  contains  22  spacious  galleries  and  the  necessary  complement  <  f  others  and 
jury  rooms.  It  is  348  by  166  feet.  The  side  pavilions  are  each  422  feet  long  and  each  contains  over  fifty  galleries.  The  Sculpture  building  stands  in  the  c^urt  fornnd  by  the 
other  structures.  The  total  number  of  rooms  is  135.  All  the  European  countries  contribute  their  best  works.  So  eager  were  the  artists  of  Italy  to  display  their  v  rks  that  ; 
pictures  were  offered  when  only  400  could  be  chosen.  Italy  also  sends  100  works  of  sculpture.  Very  interesting  are  the  silk  and  cut  velvet  wall  hangings  in  the  JapaneM-  , 

the  Beauvais  and  Gobelin  tapestries  in  the  French  section,  the  Sevres  and  other  porcelain  wares  fro.n  France.  The  exhibit  of  British  art  is  the  finest  ever  brought  t "..ether  in  any 
country  and  is  exceeded  in  interest  to  art  critics  only  by  the  American  section. 


ST.  LOUIS  PLAZA  AND  GRAND  BASIN  FROM  FESTIVAL  HALL. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  at  previous  expositions  there  were  but  two  or  three  good  views,  while  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  has  hundreds.  Of  these  the  prospect 
from  Festival  Hall  over  the  Grand  Basin  ranks  easily  among  the  first.  Here  one  has  the  glorious  stretch  of  water,  with  its  surface  gently  rippled  by  passing  gondolas  and  launches, 
and  all  the  way  down  the  lagoon  and  along  the  Plaza  of  St.  Louis  are  rows  of  transplanted  maple  trees,  affording  shade  and  the  color  of  verdure.  To  the  right  lies  the  stately  Palace 
of  Education,  with  the  Manufactures  Palace  beyond  it.  To  the  left,  crowned  by  figures  holding  aloft  golden  stars,  is  Electricity  Palace,  and  further  along  the  Palace  of  Varied 
Industries.  Fronting  the  Grand  Basin  is  the  tall  Louisiana  Purchase  Monument,  touched  with  gold.  On  beyond  is  the  broad  Plaza,  with  level  space  for  multitudes.  At  right  and 
left  are  band-stands  and  statuary,  and  in  the  center  line  is  the  heroic  figure  of  King  Louis  IX  of  France,  the  great  Crusader  and  patron  saint  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis.  In  the  far 
distance  are  the  Tyrolean  Alps,  a  fitting  background.  At  sunset  is  perhaps  the  best  time  to  see  this  view,  when  the  dying  lights  soften  and  mellow  every  object.  Then  the  view  is 
enchanting.  A  little  later,  when  the  myriad  lights  show  forth,  and  the  cascades  play,  it  is  entrancing. 


PALACE  OF  EDUCATION. 

Classic  Grecian  architecture  is  reproduced  in  the  great  Palace  of  Education.  The  beautiful  colonnades  on  the  four  sides  are  in  fine  proportion  and  the  loggi.is  offer  an 
attractive  promenade.  The  building  covers  eight  acres  and  stands  on  the  east  side  of  the  Grand  Basin,  surrounded  by  lagoons.  Access  is  by  means  .if  several  beautiful  bridges. 
The  cost  of  this  palace  was  S  100,000.  The  educational  exhibits  show  everything  from  the  kindergarten  to  the  highest  university  courses.  A  complete  exhibit  of  laboratory  opera¬ 
tions  is  made.  Technical  and  agricultural  schools  and  commercial  and  industrial  training  all  have  their  place.  A  commercial  school  is  in  full  operation.  In  addition  to  the  exhibits 
from  many  states  and  countries,  five  large  cities  have  independent  exhibits.  Leading  colleges  also  have  exhibits.  A  model  lecture  hall,  schools  showing  methods  of  training  deaf, 
dumb  and  blind  pupils;  fine  art  institutes  and  the  work  of  polytechnic  schools  are  among  other  features. 


GROUP  OF  GONDOLAS  ON  GRAND  BASIN. 

The  beatiful  Venetian  craft  that  ply  the  waters  of  the  Exposition  lagoons  give  just  the  needed  touch  of  romance.  A  gondola  anywhere  is  a  luxurious  and  a  useful  boat,  but  it 
is  never  prosaic.  Many  of  these  long,  dark,  graceful  boats  are  in  constant  use  at  the  Fair,  and  they  form  charming  pictures  as  the  swarthy  oarsmen  propel  them  with  easy  grace, 
standing  at  the  prow  and  stern,  facing  forward.  These  are  real  gondoliers  from  Venice,  many  of  them  gifted  singers,  and  the  lagoons  ring  with  music  as  the  evening  falls  and  the 
lights  come  forth.  Often  the  pedestrian  passing  over  a  bridge  is  almost  startled  at  the  sound  of  music,  and  looking  over  the  rail  he  sees  a  gondola  gliding  softly  beneath  him,  the 
rowers  intoning  liquid  Italian  words;  or  perhaps  the  party  of  visitors  is  in  the  mood  for  song  and  is  sending  forth  a  joyous  chorus.  The  view  shown  is  the  west  portion  of  the 
Grand  Basin,  with  one  of  the  restaurant  pavilions  rising  in  the  center,  above  the  cascades.  Two  of  the  beautiful  fountains  are  throwing  their  cooling  spray  high  in  air,  and  half-a- 
dozen  gondolas  are  lying  at  rest.  Nowhere  else  except  in  Venice  can  such  a  scene  be  found,  and  even  there  the  setting  cannot  equal  this. 


PALACE  OF  MANUFACTURES. 

Fourteen  acres  are  included  within  the  four  walls  of  the  Palace  of  Manufactures.  About  nine  hundred  industries  are  represented  in  the  exhibits.  The  several  great 
nations  of  the  world  are  present  with  displays  of  most  interesting  character.  Japan  occupies  an  extensive  space  in  the  western  end  of  the  building.  Germany  and  France  occupy 
large  spaces.  The  textile  display,  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  from  many  countries  of  the  world,  has  a  place  in  this  building.  Carpets,  tapestries,  fabrics  I  t 
upholstering,  the  glass  and  crystal  exhibits,  the  display  of  modern  plumbing  equipment,  apparatus  for  heating  and  ventilation  and  fixtures  for  lighting  are  a  part  of  the  exhil  its  in 
this  vast  building.  Among  the  processes  shown  are  the  manufacture  of  steel  pens,  paper  boxes,  shoes  and  hats.  The  art  of  window  dressing  is  illustrated.  The  Pal  ice  of  H  u 
factures  cost  £720,000.  It  stands  east  of  the  Plaza  of  St.  Louis,  north  of  the  Palace  of  Education  and  west  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts.  The  Municipal  Street  lies  Just  north 
of  this  building. 


FESTIVAL  HALL,  THE  COLONNADE 

In  the  Festival  Hall  orchestra  concerts  and  organ  recitals  are  given  throughout  the  Exposition.  Between  the  pylons  of  the  Colonnade  of  States  a  glimpse  is  obtained  of  the 
splendid  Palaces  of  Art.  in  the  four  irregular-shaped  spaces  into  which  the  hillside  is  divided  by  the  cascades  are  flower-gardens  in  which  throughout  the  summer  and  fall  may  be 
seen  growing  plants  that  add  brilliant  masses  of  color  to  the  glory  of  the  scene.  The  cascades  themselves,  beautiful  as  they  are  by  daylight,  are  enhanced  in  beauty  at  night  by  the 
wonderful  electric  illumination.  Over  the  terraced  weirs  of  the  three  cascades  there  flow  every  minute  90,000  gallons  of  water,  or  nearly  130,000,000  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours, 
enough  water  to  supply  a  city  of  half  a  million  inhabitants.  Half  of  this  flows  down  the  central  cascade.  The  cost  of  this  ornate  centerpiece  of  the  World’s  Fair  was  over 
St, 000. 000,  of  which  the  statuary  alone  cost  550,000.  It  was  planned  by  Mr.  Emmanuel  L.  Masqueray.  chief  of  design  of  the  Exposition. 


OF  STATES  AND  THE  CASCADES. 

To  this,  the  central  and  crowning  glory  of  the  grandeurs  of  the  World’s  Fair,  no  photograph  and  no  pen  can  do  justice.  The  picture  shoe.  s  a  stretch  •  f  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
in  width,  while  the  extensions  of  the  gardens  to  left  and  right  embrace  nearly  half  a  mile.  From  the  bottom  of  the  Grand  Basin  to  tlu*  top  of  the  d"  ae  on  Festival  Hall,  the  height 
is  27S  feet.  The  lower  weir  of  the  central  cascade  is  100  feet  across.  The  restaurant  pavilions  at  either  side  are  each  130  feet  in  dianuter  and  1  '  feet  high.  The  Colonnade  of 

States  above  the  gardens  extends  on  either  side  of  Festival  Hall  a  distance  of  400  feet,  the  height  to  the  corner  line  being  52  feet.  Each  of  the  fourteen  states  that  have  been 
erected  out  of  the  territory  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  is  represented  by  a  splendid  statue  of  a  seated  woman,  made  on  an  heroic  scale  so  that  if  standing  each  figure  would  be  2  ■  fe.  t 
high.  The  Festival  Hall,  the  central  feature  of  the  picture,  has  a  seating  capacity  of  3,500  and  contains  the  largest  pipe  organ  in  the  world. 


PALACE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 

In  former  Exhibitions  the  Liberal  Arts  have  usually  occupied  space  in  buildings  devoted  to  other  departments.  At  the  World’s  Fair  of  1904  a  nine-acre  building  in  the  ex- 
reme  eastern  part  of  the  grounds  is  devoted  to  the  various  exhibits  classified  as  Liberal  Arts.  The  Building  cost  $475,000.  In  this  magnificent  palace  the  visitor  will  find  such 
iteresting  objects  as  models  of  famous  lighthouses,  the  great  coin  collection  from  the  British  Mint,  exhibits  of  fine  photography,  an  extensive  display  of  musical  instruments, 
^hina  makes  a  large  collective  display  which  includes  ancient  books  and  carvings,  rare  trophies  from  the  Chinese  temples,  fantastic  Chinese  armor  and  weapons.  Graphic  arts 
re  also  installed  in  this  building.  Modern  printing  machinery  of  all  kinds  is  in  operation.  An  engraving  plant  and  lithographic  presses  are  shown.  Another  exhibit  shows  the 
evelopment  of  the  typewriter.  Germany  makes  an  exhibit  of  fine  printing,  specimens  of  photography,  maps  and  models.  The  great  organ  in  the  Festival  Hall  is  classified  as  one 
f  the  exhibits  in  Liberal  Arts. 


PALACE  OF  VARIED  INDUSTRIES. 

The  long  colonnades,  domes  and  towers  are  the  distinguishing  features  in  the  architecture  of  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries.  It  has  the  same  dimensions  as  the  I'  dace  ••• 
Manufactures,  being  525  feet  wide  by  1,200  feet  in  length  and  covering  an  area  of  fourteen  acres.  The  exhibits  within  tins  beautiful  palace  are  gathered  fr<  m  m  inj  states 
countries.  Germany  and  Japan  are  rivals  in  the  extent  of  space  covered,  but  their  rivalry  ends  there,  for  the  exhibits  are  radically  different.  Germany  occupies  a  large  area  in  the 
northeastern  corner,  the  installation  for  which  is  very  elaborate.  The  manufacturers  of  fine  wares  have  put  forth  their  best  efforts  with  results  most  credit. i Me  and  inn  rst  :  .  . 
In  this  building  the  exhibits  are  those  of  art  industries  such  as  art  pottery,  cut  glass  and  art  glass,  office  and  household  furniture,  brushes,  line  leather  arti  I  s.  jewelry,  silver¬ 
smiths’  and  goldsmiths’  wares,  clocks  and  watches,  products  in  marble,  bronze,  cast  iron,  wrought  iron,  paper  hangings  and  upholsterers’  decorations.  The  Japan  exhibit  .  .up  s 
a  very  large  space  in  the  southwestern  corner  with  a  beautiful  temple  as  its  entrance. 


THE  FLORAL  CLOCK. 

This  is  one  of  the  novelties  of  the  Exposition,  The  great  dial,  112  feet  in  diameter,  is  laid  out  in  flowers  and  plants  of  bright  foliage,  and  is  located  just  north  of  the  Palace 
of  Agriculture,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  hence  it  is  visible  from  many  points  and  from  great  distances.  Each  of  the  hands  weighs  2,500  pounds.  The  minute  hand  is  74  feet  long,  and 
it  moves  five  feet  every  minute.  The  five-minute  spaces  between  the  hour-marks  are  clearly  marked  off  by  differences  in  color  into  minute-spaces  each  five  feet  long.  Unlike  other 
clocks,  this  one  moves  rapidly  fora  few  seconds  and  then  stops  on  a  mark.  This  is  repeated  every  minute.  When  one  goes  up  the  hill  and  looks  at  the  beautiful  machinery  that 
actuates  this  clock,  he  understands  why  it  moves  in  this  manner.  There  is  a  master  clock  under  glass,  and  at  the  beginning  of  each  minute  it  sets  in  motion  a  compressed-air  piston 
that  moves  the  mighty  hands.'  Hours  and  half-hours  are  struck  on  a  bell  weighing  5,000  pounds.  Close  at  hand  there  is  a  terrestrial  globe,  revok  ing  once  in  twenty-four  hours, 
on  which  one  may  read  the  time  of  day  or  night  at  any  place  on  earth.  There  is  also  an  hour-glass,  holding  100  pounds  of  sand,  reversed  at  the  end  of  each  hour.  Everything 
connected  with  the  interesting  exhibit  is  moved  by  compressed  air,  but  it  is  all  controlled  by  the  delicate,  accurate  master  clock. 


PALACE  OF  TRANSPORTATION. 

The  visitor  is  reminded  of  a  great  railroad  station  as  he  notes  the  architecture  of  the  Palace  of  Transportation,  which  stands  west  of  the  Palace  of  Varied  Indusries  and 
north  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery.  The  building  is  525  feet  by  1,200  feet,  covering  fifteen  acres.  Beneath  the  expansive  roof  are  displayed  all  the  modem  methods  of  transporta¬ 
tion  together  with  historical  exhibits  of  great  interest.  The  historical  display  of  old  locomotives  shows  graphically  the  long  struggle  from  the  time  of  the  stage  coach  to  the  era  of 
the  modern  palace  car.  Visitors  are  permitted  to  inspect  the  most  palatial  trains.  A  huge  locomotive  stands  in  the  center  of  the  building  upon  a  turn-table.  In  the  western  enJ 
of  the  building  is  a  laboratory  for  testing  the  efficiency  of  locomotives.  The  old  horse  car  and  the  modern  trolley  car  stand  side  by  side.  The  display  of  automot  lies  shows  the 
remarkable  possibilities  of  this  new  means  of  travel.  Motor  boats  and  other  water  craft  are  here  in  goodly  numbers  while  the  road  vehicles  for  all  sorts  of  purposes  are  not 
forgotten.  Models  of  railway  stations,  cars  and  other  railway  equipment  are  displayed. 


PALACE  OF  ELECTRICITY. 

A  very  large  building  is  devoted  to  the  exhibits  of  the  Department  of  Electricity.  Including  the  court,  the  building  covers  eight  acres  and  the  cost  was  $400,000.  The 
groups  of  lofty  columns  about  the  entrances  and  their  classic  details  give  the  building  a  dignity  worthy  of  its  central  position  in  the  “main  picture”  of  the  Exposition.  The 
exhibits  in  the  Palace  of  Electricity  will  make  it  a  center  of  attraction  for  all  who  are  concerned  in  electrical  progress.  The  remarkable  advance  in  electrical  engineering  and  the 
new  discoveries  of  the  science  during  the  last  ten  years  made  possible  the  most  comprehensive  exhibit  ever  assembled.  Dynamos  and  motors  of  many  kinds  and  new  electrical 
machinery  for  a  multitude  of  uses  may  be  seen  in  operation.  Definite  progress  has  been  made  during  recent  years  in  the  use  of  electricity  in  the  treatment  of  diseases.  How  it  is 
thus  used  is  illustrated  with  X-ray  apparatus  and  the  famous  Finsen  light.  The  progress  in  electric  lighting  and  the  use  of  electric  power  is  shown.  Small  but  powerful  electric 
locomotives  for  mining  purposes  make  an  interesting  exhibit.  The  wonders  of  electro-chemistry  are  illustrated. 


PALACE  OF  MINES  AND  METALLURGY. 

The  architect  of  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy  offers  something  entirely  new  in  Exposition  construction.  He  has  thrown  aside  all  tenets  and  discarded  all  precedents, 
while  securing  a  most  refreshing  result.  None  but  an  architect  can  tell  where  he  has  found  his  suggestions,  and  it  is  clear  that  the  combinations  are  the  result  of  his  own  genius. 
We  can  all  discover  the  tall  Egyptian  obelisks  that  flank  the  square  Egyptian  entrances  but  the  bulbous  domes  far  aloft  are  nature’s  favorite  form.  The  open  corridors  and  over¬ 
hanging  roof  suggest  coolness.  The  building  is  52S  by  7S0  feet  and  covers  nine  acres.  It  is  the  largest  building  ever  erected  for  a  mining  exhibit  and  cost  Ssi'm.h  The 
Mines  and  Metallurgical  exhibit  embraces  everything  from  clays  to  precious  metals  and  gems.  Mine  engineering  in  its  latest  development  is  clearly  portrayed.  Ore  crushing  and 
concentrating  processes  are  shown.  Primitive  methods  of  smelting  copper  ores  by  Mexican  Indians  are  shown  in  an  exhibit  in  the  Mining  Gulch.  A  modern  art  pottery  is  also  a 
feature  of  the  gulch,  wherein  the  processes  of  manufacture  may  be  noted. 


THE  SUNKEN  GARDEN. 

Of  the  many  choice  examples  of  landscape  gardening  at  the  Exposition,  none  is  more  pleasing  than  the  Sunken  Garden,  a  richly  planted  parterre  lying  between  the  Palace 
of  Mines  and  Metallurgy  and  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts.  The  accompanying  view  is  toward  the  Southeast,  with  the  main  entrance  of  the  Government  Bui  g  & •  • 

There  are  really  many  gardens  in  one  great  level  space,  three  feet  below  the  surrounding  walks.  A  graceful  slope  of  fine  turf  forms  the  frame  for  the  beautiful  p  c  . 

combinations  of  color  and  charming  designs  are  spread  out  before  the  eye,  and  the  scene  is  really  kaleidoscopic  when  one  walks  about.  Not  the  eas  nther  cmrupniic 

their  constant  change,  for  all  decorative  plants  and  flowers  are  transient,  and  as  the  season  advances  new  pictures  are  presented.  At  midsummer  cann  JT,.  ■  ■ 

flowers  are  judiciously  distributed,  adding  their  glories  to  the  scene.  Tropical  foliage  shows  forth,  new  dispositions  are  made  of  the  bay  trees,  an  a rans  ,  afford 

the  whole  prospect  by  the  army  of  gardeners  who  are  always  at  work  at  the  Fair.  There  are  seats  for  hundreds  of  visitors  around  the  parterre,  a  p 

shade  in  the  heat  of  the  day,  so  that  the  Sunken  Garden  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  resting  places  at  the  Exposition. 


PALACE  OF  MACHINERY. 

In  the  architecture  of  the  great  Palace  of  Machinery  German  features  are  dominant.  The  towers,  entrances  and  even  the  roofs  breathe  a  German  influence.  I  he  two  u'ntr  tl 
towers  on  the  north  side  are  each  two  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  high.  The  building  is  very  rich  in  plastic  detail  and  sculptural  decoration.  I  he  north  vest  mle  js  t  • 

most  beautiful  entrances  to  be  seen  in  the  I  xposition  palaces.  The  building  is  one  thousand  feet  long  and  covers  ten  acres,  it  stands  west  <  -t  the  1 1  il 1 
of  the  Palace  of  Transportation.  In  the  western  end  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery  may  be  seen  the  power  plant  of  the  Exposition,  developing  an  a^rt  .  ;e  energv  •  t  1 
thousand  rated  horse-power.  The  largest  of  the  engines  is  the  Allis-Chalmers  vertical  and  horizontal  refrigerating  engine  of  five  thousand  h«»rso-p  \«*r,  but  the  m  st  \ 
the  Curtis  Steam  Turbine,  installed  by  the  General  Electric  Company,  developing  eight  thousand  horse-power  and  capable  of  producing  twelve  thousand  Iks  -  a  t  1.  \  a  .  in* 

steam  supply  Very  interesting  also,  are  the  four  three  thousand  horse-power  Westinghouse  generators.  The  great  Corliss  engine  at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  L\p  ku-jh.  \wis 
only  three  hundred  horse-power. 


EAST  LAGOON  AND  PLAZA  OF  ORLEANS,  FROM  CASCADE  GARDENS. 

The  view  is  toward  the  northeast,  and  the  imposing  structure  at  the  right  is  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  beyond  which  is  the  ornate  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts,  the 
building  wherein  the  Dedication  exercises  were  held  on  April  30,  1903.  The  ornamental  bridge  in  the  foreground  is  one  of  the  broad,  graceful  viaducts  that  span  the  lagoons,  and 
the  foliage  that  partially  screens  it  is  an  outlying  fringe  of  the  great  Cascade  Gardens.  In  the  distance,  at  the  left  of  the  picture,  is  the  tall  tower  from  which  wireless  telegraph 
messages  are  sent.  An  elevator  can  be  utilized  to  reach  an  elevation  of  nearly  300  feet  in  this  tower,  and  from  that  point  the  observer  sees  spread  before  him  all  of  the  Exposition 
and  many  square  miles  of  town  and  country  besides.  Glorious  statuary  adorns  these  bridges  and  buildings;  vigorous  trees  throw  shade  on  the  well  kept  lawns,  seats  are  pro\  ided 
for  the  weary  guest;  music  of  bands  and  of  singing  gondoliers  floats  on  the  air.  Color  and  life  abound,  yet  tranquility,  serenity,  repose  and  dignity  are  the  characteristics.  This  is 
a  favorite  view,  a  large  and  comprehensive  view,  yet  directed  toward  a  relatively  small  area  of  the  great  Exposition.  It  is  one  of  those  scenes  that  inspire  a  feeling  of  poignant 
regret  for  the  transitory  nature  of  the  Ivory  City,  and  of  pity  for  those  who  are  unable  to  see  it. 


PALACE  OF  EDUCATION  AT  NIGHT. 

The  Exposition  of  1904  is  cosmopolitan,  it  is  universal,  it  is  ancient  and  it  is  modern.  No  one  need  try  to  enjoy  what  another  enjoys.  There  is  variety  enough  to  give 
everyone  full  sway  for  his  pleasure  or  whim.  In  the  Palace  of  Education  we  have  a  triumph  of  classic  architecture,  transformed  at  night  and  made  visible  by  the  latest  achie\  ements 
in  electrical  engineering.  By  day  one  thinks  of  this  building  as  a  stately  ivory  structure  housing  innumerable  exhibits  that  show  the  latest  supreme  effort  of  the  great  minds  .  f  the 
age  When  one  sees  it  at  night,  he  forgets  that  it  has  even  so  remotely  utilitarian  a  phase.  Seen  across  the  Grand  Basin,  in  one  of  the  most  prominent  situations  on  the  grounds, 
the  Palace  of  Education  is  simply  part  of  a  glorious  picture.  It  stands  on  a  great  island  that  came  into  being  when  the  lagoons  were  carved  out,  and  it  faces  an  expanse  I 

water  whose  beauties  are  enhanced  a  hundred  fold  by  the  sparkle  and  reflection  of  myriads  of  lights.  The  outlines  of  the  building  are  reduplicated  in  the  mirror  ot  the  Grand  Basin, 

where  they  sway  and  flutter  and  palpitate  as  the  lake  is  agitated  by  the  increasing  flow  from  the  cascades  and  fountains,  or  seamed  and  rippled  by  the  gondoliers’  oars.  The 

Exposition  should  be  seen  by  day  and  by  night.  If  but  one  visit  can  be  made,  let  that  be  at  night. 


UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING. 

It  has  been  the  custom  of  the  United  States  Government  to  participate  generously  in  all  important  Expositions.  The  Government  building  at  the  World’s  Fair  of  1904  is  the 
largest  exhibit  structure  ever  erected  by  Federal  authority  and  every  department  of  the  Government  is  represented  with  elaborate  displays.  The  building  is  situated  upon  a  broad 
terrace  considerably  above  the  general  level  of  the  exhibit  palaces  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  grounds.  It  is  nearly  800  feet  long  and  250  feet  wide.  One  of  the  striking 
exhibit  features,  as  the  visitor  enters  the  central  portal,  is  the  half  of  a  battleship  with  full  armament  and  equipment.  The  Post  Office  Department  occupies  the  extreme  north¬ 
eastern  corner  and  the  Smithsonian  Institution  the  northwestern  corner.  The  War  Department  has  a  large  display  of  modern  arms.  A  separate  building,  constructed  in  the  form  of 
a  Pompeiian  house,  is  occupied  by  the  Fish  Commission,  which  has  35  large  tanks  stocked  with  living  specimens.  Near  the  Government  building  are  sea-coast  defense  guns  which 
are  operated  during  certain  hours  each  day.  A  large  building  in  the  western  part  of  the  grounds  is  devoted  to  an  exhibit  of  the  Indian  schools,  showing  the  progress  which  the 
Indian  has  made  in  the  arts  of  civilization.  The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  has  a  six-acre  map  and  school  gardens,  also  in  the  western  part  of  the  grounds. 


PALACE  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

A  single  great  building  covering  an  area  of  twenty-three  acres  is  in  itself  a  most  interesting  object.  Such  is  the  Palace  of  Agriculture,  the  largest  of  the  Exposition 
structures.  It  is  in  the  central  western  part  of  the  grounds  upon  a  site  sixty  feet  above  the  main  group  of  buildings.  It  overlooks,  to  the  northward,  the  principal  group  ol 
foreign  buildings.  On  the  west  side  one  may  see  the  extensive  Philippine  Reservation.  East  are  the  rose  gardens  and  the  southern  extension  of  the  P  South  "f  it  is  the 
Palace  of  Horticulture.  Nearly  all  the  states  and  nations  of  the  world  are  here  represented.  In  the  central  nave  are  displayed  special  exhibits  of  five  of  the  princip  il  po  ■  lu.  ts  ■  t  the  s 
corn,  cotton,  sugar,  rice  and  tobacco.  In  the  southwestern  corner  is  a  model  dairy  in  operation.  In  the  center  of  the  building  is  an  extensive  refrigerated  showcase  in  which  ire 
displayed  the  dairy  products  of  many  states.  Here  the  visitor  may  see  a  model  creamery  in  operation  using  5000  pounds  of  milk  a  day  and  equipped  with  all  the  latest  butter 
and  cheese  making  apparatus.  More  than  two  acres  are  devoted  to  the  food  exhibits.  In  the  southeast  corner  are  the  agricultural  implements  and  m  .lern  farm  machinery. 


PALACE  OF  HORTICULTURE. 

Occupying  the  highest  site  of  any  of  the  large  exhibit  buildings,  the  Palace  of  Horticulture  stands  south  of  the  Agriculture  building.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts.  The  main 
section  is  400  feet  square  and  devoted  to  the  display  of  fruits  and  general  horticultural  exhibits.  The  eastern  wing,  200  feet  square,  is  a  great  conservatory  for  tropical  plants, 
fruit  trees  and  flowers.  The  western  section,  200  feet  square  is  given  up  to  cut  flowers  and  horticultural  implements.  The  Bee  exhibit  is  also  in  this  part  of  the  building  on  the 
north  side  of  the  wing.  Here  are  shown  all  the  profitable  varieties  of  bees  at  their  daily  task  of  gathering  and  storing  honey,  together  with  the  modern  apparatus  used  in  successful 
bee  culture.  During  the  season  there  will  be,  upon  certain  days,  a  free  distribution  of  apples  and  other  fruits  from  the  Palace  of  Horticulture.  Beautiful  exhibit  gardens  surround 
this  palace,  planted  with  the  choicest  flowers  and  shrubs. 


LOUISIANA  PURCHASE  MONUMENT  AND  PALACE  OF  VARIED  INDUSTRIES. 

The  Plaza  of  St.  Louis,  in  which  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Monument  stands,  is  a  favorite  gathering  place  for  World’s  Fair  visitors.  The  monument,  designed  hv  E.  L. 
Masqueray,  is  one  of  the  most  artistic  ornaments  of  the  Exposition.  The  crowning  figure  of  Peace  is  by  Karl  Bitter.  At  the  base  is  another  sculptured  group  by  Mr  Bitter 
commemorating  the  signing  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Treaty.  In  this  group  appear  the  figures  of  Marbois,  the  representative  of  Napoleon,  the  first  Consul  of  France;  R  ivrt  P. 
Livingston,  United  States  Minister  to  France,  and  James  Monroe,  afterward  President,  the  special  envoy  of  President  Jefferson,  sent  to  assist  Livingston  in  the  negotiations. 
From  the  Plaza  of  St.  Louis  the  visitor  may  see  Festival  Hall,  the  Cascade  Gardens  and  other  beautiful  features. 


PALACE  OF  MINES,  GERMAN  HOUSE  AND  EAST  RESTAURANT  PAVILION. 

This  view  brings  together  several  important  and  interesting  buildings  with  a  fine  setting  of  water-course,  trees,  shrubbery  and  statuary.  The  vista  is  seen  from  a  point 
near  the  northeast  angle  of  the  waterways,  and  beyond  the  beautiful  restaurant  pavilion  near  the  center  lies  the  forest.  At  the  left  is  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  .Metallurgy,  a 
unification  of  Egyptian,  Greek  and  Byzantine  architectural  elements,  the  structure  covering  nine  acres.  It  houses  some  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  at  the 
Fair,  among  them  the  titanic  statue  of  Vulcan  in  iron.  At  the  right  a  glimpse  is  had  of  the  east  facade  of  the  Palace  of  Education,  one  of  the  most  attractive  buildings  in  the 
main  picture,  whether  considered  as  an  architectural  composition  or  as  a  home  for  displays.  Here  the  great  schools  and  colleges  and  the  cities  of  the  Union  have  brought  together 
exhibits  that  open  the  eyes  of  the  visitor.  The  novelty  of  the  police  exhibit  makes  it  a  popular  feature.  The  German  House,  a  reproduction  of  the  Charlottenburg  Schloss, 
occupies  a  commanding  location  on  the  hill  at  the  right  of  the  restaurant  pavilion,  and  in  it  may  be  seen  some  rare  treasures  sent  by  the  German  Emperor.  The  view  shown, 
whether  seen  by  day  or  by  night,  is  a  charming  one,  full  of  variety  and  contrast — one  of  the  many  complete  and  satisfying  scenes  by  which  this  Exposition  is  distinguished. 


LOOKING  DOWN  THE  CASCADES. 

Looking  north  from  the  base  of  the  Festival  Hall  a  magnificent  panorama  is  unfolded  to  the  observer.  In  the  accompanying  picture  the  camera  is  pointed  almost  due  north. 
At  the  left  and  above,  but  not  appearing  in  the  picture,  is  H.  A.  MacNeil’s  massive  “Fountain  of  Liberty,”  where  the  Central  Cascades  h  ive  their  source.  As  the  waters  turn!  le 
from  weir  to  weir  toward  the  Grand  Basin,  where  they  make  their  final  plunge,  they  are  divided  into  three  streams  which  broaden  toward  the  base  of  the  -.1  ;  e.  Bordering  tlu  -e 
cascades  are  pedestals  carrying  allegorical  sculpture  expressive  of  liberty  in  its  various  forms.  Among  these  is  a  group  called  “Physical  Libertv.-’  in  which  the  idea  is  expressed 
by  a  swift  running  bison  at  whose  side  speeds  an  Indian  youth  of  perfect  grace.  Other  sculptures  consist  of  children,  fish  and  animals  in  playful  attitudes.  Beyond  the  Grand 
Basin  the  eye  sweeps  the  broad  court  surrounded  by  magnificent  exhibit  palaces. 


OLD  FLEMISH  DINING  ROOM,  BELGIAN  PAVILION. 

In  the  handsome  Belgian  pavilion  several  artistically  furnished  rooms  are  to  be  seen.  The  most  interesting  one  of  these  is  the  old  Flemish  dining-room  of  the  early  part  of  the 
16th  century  From  the  hard-wood  polished  floor  to  the  deeply  paneled  ceiling,  everything  in  the  room  is  of  genuine  antique  pattern  except  the  collection  of  modern  Bruges  vases  on  the 
mantel  and  cabinet  Several  of  the  articles  of  furniture  are  original  old  pieces,  and  the  smaller  paintings  are  from  the  brush  of  the  old  Flemish  masters.  The  large  mural  decorations 
represent  tvpical  scenes  of  the  16th  century.  The  wood  carving  is  intricate  and  very  beautiful.  At  the  side  of  the  room  opposite  the  door  is  an  old-fashioned  wood  grate,  with  a 
pair  of  wrought  iron  fire-dogs.  On  the  tall,  antique  clock  are  three  pieces  of  the  original  Bruges  pottery,  in  striking  contrast  to  the  modern  product  in  the  same  room.  The  Flemish 
rugs  and  window  arrangement  are  especially  worthy  of  notice. 


JAPANESE  GARDENS  AND  TEA-HOUSES. 

The  Japanese  at  home  are  not  given  to  erecting  large,  isolated  buildings,  but  incline  to  collections  of  smaller  and  more  varied  structures  than  do  Vmericans  and  Europeans. 
The  national  exhibit  of  Japan  at  the  Fair  is  therefore  in  keeping  with  the  spirit  and  taste  of  the  people.  The  large  hillside  area  which  is  occupied  by  Japan  lies  east  of  the < 1 
tion  wheel  and  southwest  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery.  Dainty  gardens,  with  winding  paths  and  green  sward  make  the  spot  a  pleasant  one  in  which  to  en  v  the  smiling  hospitable 
of  the  Orientals.  There  are  cascades  and  fountains,  and  plashing  little  streams  spanned  by  quaint  bridges  or  crossed  by  lines  of  stepping-stones.  There  are  pretta  mo-das,  beJs 
of  flowering  plants,  and  rock-work  ornamented  by  giant  cranes.  Many  interesting  buildings  are  within  the  enclosure.  In  one  of  them  Japanese  artists  may  be  seen  at  tln-n  u  i  . 
and  in  another,  extensive  collections  of  Japanese  wares  are  offered  for  sali.  The  beautiful  pavilion  shown  in  the  engraving  is  used  as  a  tea-house,  and  is  modeled  after  the 
Kikakuji  Palace  still  standing  at  Kioto  after  480  years  of  service.  In  the  upper  rooms  are  models  of  Japanese  idols  and  images,  and  on  the  first  floor  one  stops  to  ta  ■  tea.  whether 
he  cares  for  it  or  not,  just  for  the  pleasure  of  being  served  by  the  dainty  and  charming  maidens  whose  English  is  as  limited  as  it  is  delightful. 


PANORAMIC  VIEW  OF  FESTIVAL  HALL,  THE  CASCADES  AND  GARDENS, 

Night  works  a  transformation  at  the  Fair.  Every  graceful  line  and  curve  is  softened,  every  mass  of  color  is  subdued,  everything  one  most  wishes  to  see  is  under  the 
witchery-  of  the  effulgence  produced  by  uncounted  lights.  The  scene  is  beautiful  by  day,  but  at  night  it  is  another  picture  and  an  entrancing  one.  The  lights  steal  gently  forth, 
first  with  a  dull  glow,  then  more  boldly,  until  at  last  every  great  building  and  statue  and  bridge  is  outlined  and  festooned  with  countless  glowing  points  that  combine  to  shed 
radiance  over  all.  Gondolas  and  launches,  glowing  with  electric  lights,  glide  over  the  surface  of  the  lagoons  and  the  Grand  Basin,  while  music  and  laughter  float  over  the  water 
and  the  scent  of  flowers  is  wafted  on  the  freshening  evening  breeze.  The  giant  cascades  are  at  play,  breaking  the  surface  of  the  water  into  a  million  ripples  and  tiny  waves, 
turning  every  mirrored  picture  into  a  nebulous  glow  of  light. 


AND  THE  GRAND  BASIN,  FROM  THE  PLAZA  OF  ST.  LOUIS,  AT  NIGHT. 

The  visitor  who  has  seen  the  Exposition  only  by  day  has  not  seen  half.  Festival  Hall,  rising  stately  and  majestic  from  the  Colonnade  of  States,  the  far-flung  arms  r.  i  king 
out  to  the  pavilions  at  east  and  west,  water  leaping  exultantly  down  the  great  cascades, — half  a  mile  of  architecture,  sculpture,  gardens  and  waterways,  bnlliantb  I  Jin  1.  y' 
athwart  the  southern  sky — all  this  makes  a  matchless  scene.  At  times  the  whole  cascade  picture  is  illuminated  in  green,  then  again  in  i  I  or  in  white,  and  all  the  wh  le  -  11  h- 
lights  play  on  the  chateau  d’eau  and  the  titanic  sculpture  that  surmounts  it,  glorifying  and  etherealizing  all.  Here  is  the  center  of  the  1  xp  »sit  on.  Here  is  its 
Here  are  breadth,  dignity  and  majesty.  Here  are  color,  form  and  life.  And  unto  each  comes  the  inspiration  from  the  great  throng  that  is  participating  with  him  in  die 
of  the  spectacle. 


BATTLE  OF  COLENSO,  BOER  WAR  EXHIBIT. 

Directly  east  of  the  Palace  of  Agriculture,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Intramural  Railway,  a  space  of  twelve  acres  is  used  for  the  reproduction  of  the  battles  and  scenes  of  the 
Anglo-Boer  War.  Abaut  six  hundred  British  and  Boer  veterans  of  the  war  take  part  in  the  thrilling  scenes.  Kaffirs  and  other  natives,  with  carts  and  wagons,  add  to  the 
picture.  In  command  of  the  British  contingent  is  Maj.  W.  S.  Stewart,  while  Generals  Piet  Cronje  and  Ben  Viljoen  lead  the  sturdy  Boers  as  in  the  days  of  the  death-grapple  on  the 
veldt.  The  battles  of  Colenso  and  Paardeberg,  with  Cronje’s  surrender,  and  De  Wet’s  flight  through  the  British  cordon,  are  the  principal  scenes  re-enacted,  and  they  are  given  with 
a  daring  and  enthusiasm  and  realism  that  stir  one  to  the  depths.  Colenso  was  one  of  the  outer  defenses  of  Ladysmith,  and  was  held  by  5,000  Boers  when  2.5,000  British  troops 
moved  against  it.  The  Boers  held  their  fire  so  that  their  position  could  not  be  determined,  and  when  the  Britons  had  moved  across  the  open  plain  a  rifle— fire  burst  from  three  miles 
of  concealed  trenches,  while  the  pom-poms  added  to  the  carnage.  Col.  Long  of  the  British  forces,  dashed  into  the  field  with  twelve  guns,  only  two  of  which  were  rescued,  and 
those  at  frightful  cost,  while  the  Boers  triumphantly  captured  the  remaining  ten.  It  is  the  climax  of  this  fight  for  the  guns,  so  vividly  reproduced  by  veteran  soldiers,  that  is  shown 
in  the  illustration. 


THE  TRIUMPH  OF  APOLLO. 

The  Exposition  abounds  in  monumental  and  allegorical  statuary.  The  most  elaborate  group  is  that  by  Philip  Atartiny,  which  the  sculptor  calls  “The  Triumph  of  Apollo.” 
The  group  surmounts  the  main  northern  doorway  of  the  Festival  Hall,  behind  the  central  waterfall.  It  aptly  symbolizes  the  purposes  of  the  Hall  and  of  the  Palaces  of  Art  which  lie 
beyond.  Apollo,  bearing  in  one  hand  the  lyre  and  in  the  other  the  palm  branch,  emblem  of  victory,  is  borne  in  a  chariot  of  classic  design,  drawn  by  two  lionesM-s.  He  is 
accompanied  by  the  nine  muses — Clio,  the  Muse  of  History;  Euterpe,  the  Muse  of  Lyric  Poetry ■;  Thalia,  of  Comedy;  Melpomene,  of  Tragedy;  Terpsichore,  of  <  '  »ra 
Song;  Erato,  of  Erotic  Poetry;  Polyhymnia,  of  the  Sublime  Hymn;  Urania,  of  Astronomy,  and  Calliope,  of  Epic  Poetry.  Apollo,  the  c  i ■  •  J  of  Poetry  and  Song,  is  represented  as  a 
vouth  of  perfect  form  and  beauty,  and  in  all  the  other  figures  the  sculptor  has  shown  his  mastery  of  the  human  figure. 


PALACE  OF  FORESTRY,  FISH  AND  GAME. 


ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING. 


THE  OBSERVATION  WHEEL. 

Perhaps  the  best  start  that  the  Exposition  sightseer  can  make  is  to  make  the  trip  in  the  great  wheel  which  first  appeared  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  as  the  Ferris  Wheel. 
It  is  located  near  the  center  of  the  grounds  and  is  easily  found,  though  it  is  much  less  conspicuous  than  it  was  at  Chicago.  It  looked  immense  at  Chicago;  in  St.  1  >uis  it  merely 
looks  large.  Yet  it  carries  the  visitor  steadily  and  safely  to  a  height  of  about  2S0  feet  and  gives  him  a  constantly  shifting  view  of  everything,  great  and  small,  within  the  Expo¬ 
sition  grounds,  not  to  mention  the  leagues  of  town  and  country  added  to  the  prospect.  When  one  has  had  this  bird's-eye  view,  he  goes  about  the  grounds  with  a  sense  of 
familiarity  with  his  surroundings  that  no  map  can  give.  The  construction  of  the  wheel  presented  great  engineering  difficulties.  It  contains  tons  of  metal,  the  axle  alone 

weighing  70  tons,  and  this  mass  is  formed  into  what  may  be  called  a  bicycle  wheel,  with  tension  spokes.  It  bears  thirty-six  roomy  cars,  each  in  charge  of  an  attendant.  It  is  no 

uncommon  occurrence  to  see  the  wheel  carrying  1,S00  or  2,000  persons,  making  four  revolutions  in  an  hour.  The  ride  is  comfortable  and  moreover  it  is  safe.  More  than  .t. . 1,0  0 

people  have  been  carried  without  injury,  and  those  who  have  been  in  the  cars  in  violent  storms  aver  that  there  was  no  discomfort. 


CARNIVAL  SCENE  ON  GRAND  BASIN. 

The  view  given  above  shows  a  part  of  a  water  pageant  crossing  the  Grand  Basin.  This  basin  is  a  broad  expanse  of  water  lying  between  the  Palaces  of  Electricity  and 
Education  and  directly  in  front  of  the  cascades.  The  point  of  view  is  near  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Monument.  The  Grand  Basin  is  a  part  of  the  lagoon  system,  the  lagoon  to  the 
right  encircling  the  Palace  of  Electricity,  and  the  one  to  the  left  surrounding  the  Palace  of  Education.  Upon  these  lagoons  is  a  great  variety  of  craft  including  gondolas  brought  from 
Venice,  peacock  boats,  swan  boats,  dragon  boats  and  handsome  electric  launches.  The  trip  is  one  of  the  romantic  experiences  of  the  visitor.  Upon  the  gala  occasions  which  the 
picture  illustrates,  the  boats  are  decked  out  in  flowers,  plants,  flags  and  banners,  and  a  procession  thus  organized  makes  a  very  beautiful  scene.  At  night  colored  lights  serve  for 
purposes  of  decoration.  The  lagoons  are  in  the  heart  of  the  Exposition  and  from  the  boats  one  may  view  the  glorious  central  picture  with  unusual  satisfaction  and  pleasure. 


GOVERNMENT  FISHERIES  BUILDING. 

This  classic  structure,  resembling  an  ancient  Pompeiian  residence,  adjoins  the  Government  Building  at  the  southwest.  Curious  groups  of  scientific  names  are  placed  on  the 
walls  behind  the  colonnade  that  surrounds  the  building,  which  is  square  in  shape  and  136  feet  on  each  face.  Overhead  lighting  enables  the  visitor  to  see  the  fish  and  other  water- 
creatures  living  in  the  35  tanks  along  the  corridors.  Fish  from  both  salt  and  fresh  water  are  exhibited  by  the  Fish  Commission,  the  former  in  tanks  supplied  with  sea-water. 
There  are  filtering  and  aerating  devices,  and  arrangements  for  controlling  the  temperature.  In  the  center  of  the  building  is  a  pool  for  seals  and  other  swimming  creatures,  and  a 
throng  always  surrounds  it.  So  popular,  indeed,  is  this  building  that  the  visitor  needs  patience  at  times  to  view  the  exhibits,  but  they  well  repay  the  trouble  The  •.chi.  Is  of  .;old- 
fish,  the  paddle-fish,  the  gar,  the  toothed  sheepshead,  the  hermit-crab,  the  spider-crab,  the  lady-crab,  live  lobsters  so  different  from  those  we  know,  all  the-a-  are  the  s  mrce  f 
lively  interest.  One  may  see  the  resplendent  Bermuda  fish,  the  trunk-fish,  the  parrot-fish,  the  angel-fish,  and  the  curious  little  hippocampus  or  sea-horse.  The  Government  of 
the  United  States  has  made  thoroughly  good  exhibits  in  many  departments  of  the  Exposition,  and  all  are  popular. 


Hall  of  Congresses.  Anthropology. 

(Administration  Group.)  Administration  Building.  Austria.  Sweden.  Holland.  Burns’  Cottage. 

Italy.  Belgium.  Cuba.  China.  Great  Britain. 

Division  of  Works.  Brazil.  Nicaragua.  Siam.  Mexico. 

Restaurant.  France.  Gardens  and  French  Building. 

GROUP  OF  FOREIGN  BUILDINGS  LOOKING  NORTHWEST  FROM  OBSERVATION  WHEEL. 


ST.  LOUIS. 

The  City  of  St.  Louis  was  named  by  Pierre  Laclede,  the  founder,  in  honor  of  Louis  IX,  King  of  France,  the  Crusader,  who  w  as  canoni/ed  bv  the  church  ind  known  in 
history  as  St.  Louis.  At  the  World’s  Fair  this  splendid  statue,  the  Apotheosis  of  St.  Louis,  is  the  central  ornament  of  the  Plaza  of  St.  Louis.  The  ticuie  r  the  Ciu-  :>  r  is  l.td 
in  Medieval  armor  with  his  crown  and  kingly  mantle  and  he  carries  a  cross  in  his  right  hand  to  signify  his  holy  cause.  The  horse  is  also  fitted  out  in  partial  armor  and  the  much 
decorated  harness  and  draperies  belong  to  the  period.  The  figure  is  pronounced  by  artists  and  connoisseurs  one  of  the  finest  achievements  of  Mr.  Charles  H.  Nieluus.  t  sculptor. 
It  is  the  idea  that  the  “Apotheosis  of  St.  Louis”  shall  convey  a  fitting  welcome  to  the  visitor  upon  his  entrance  to  the  World  s  Fair,  and  at  the  same  time  remind  him  .  f  the 
historical  associations  of  the  scene.  Upon  one  face  of  the  massive  architectural  pedestal  is  a  group  by  Mr.  Niehaus  entitled  “St.  Louis  and  Her  Guidir  c  Spirits,  .  !  ■  a  very 
chaste,  beautiful  and  expressive  work. 


THE  FRENCH  PAVILION. 

The  building  and  gardens  are  reproductions  of  the  Grand  Trianon  at  Versailles  with  its  beautiful  surrounding  landscape. 


THE  BRITISH  PAVILION. 

The  Orangery  of  Kensington  Palace  is  here  accurately  reproduced,  with  additional  wings  containing  historic  rooms.  A  bit  of  the  Kew  gardens  is  also  to  be  seen 

surrounding  the  building. 


THE  GERMAN  HOUSE, 


THE  AUSTRIAN  BUILDING. 


CANADA  AT  THE  WORLD’S  FAIR. 


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BRAZIL’S  BEAUTIFUL  BUILDING. 


ITALY’S  BEAUTIFUL  BUILDING. 

SIAM’S  CHARACTERISTIC  TEMPLE. 

PAVILIONS  OF  FOREIGN 


CHINA'S  BRILLIANT  PAVILION. 


GOVERNMENTS. 


CUBA’S  COMELY  HOME. 


The  Italian  Pavilion  is  a  gem  of  Old  Roman  architecture,  the  visitor  entering  through  a  peristvle  of  Ionic  Columns  and  Italian  Garden  —China’s  pavilion  is  a  repr  lucti.'ii 
of  the  summer  home  of  Prince  Pu  Lun,  the  Imperial  Commissioner  to  the  World’s  Fair.— The  Siamese  building  is  a  replica  of  Ben  Chama  Temple  at  Bangkok  -A  well  ippointed 
dwelling-house  of  Havana  of  the  present  day  is  reproduced  as  the  Cuban  building. 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC.  NICARAGUA. 

SWEDEN.  NETHERLANDS. 

PAVILIONS  OF  FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. 

The  central  portion  of  the  Government  palace  at  Buenos  Ayres  is  reproduced  in  the  Argentine  Building.  — The  Nicaraguan  Pavilion  is  of  Spanish  architecture  and  devoted  to  a 
collective  display  of  the  Country’s  natural  resources.  —  The  Swedish  Building  is  a  typical  country  home  of  a  well-to-do  Swede.  The  building  was  brought  entire  from  Sweden, 
ready  to  be  put  together  at  the  Fair.— The  steep  Dutch  gables  of  the  Netherlands  Building  are  typical  of  that  country.  Certain  rooms  of  the  building  contain  tine  antique 

Holland  furniture. 


M£XIC°.  INDIA. 

CEYLON.  GUATEMALA. 

PAVILIONS  OF  FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. 

The  Mexican  Building  contains  a  large  public  reception  room  below  with  a  central  patio.  Offices  of  the  Commission  open  from  the  balcony.  The  India  and  Ceylon  building 
each  represent  famous  structures,  that  of  India  the  tomb  of  Etmad-Dowlah  at  Agra;  that  of  Ceylon  an  ancient  Kandian  temple.  The  decorations  are  typical  of  tlv  countries.  In 
the  buildings  tea  is  served  to  visitors.  In  the  Guatemalan  building  Guatemala  coffee  is  served, 


BELGIAN  BUILDING. 

Belgium  is  very  proud  of  her  place  among  the  nations  in  education  and  culture  in  all  its  many  forms.  In  this  great  drum-roofed 
structure  are  gathered  the  evidences  of  her  brilliant  achievements  in  science,  art  and  industry. 


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TEMPLE  OF  FRATERNITY. 


KANSAS  CITY  CASINO.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  MINNEAPOLIS  AND  ST.  PAUL. 

BUILDINGS  OF  THE  MUNICIPAL  STREET. 

The  Municipal  Street  is  1,200  feet  long.  Kansas  City  is  represented  by  a  Casino  which  serves  the  purpose  of  headquarters  for  Kansas  City  people.  Numerous  pictures 
show  interesting  features  of  the  citv.  This  Casino  will  be  rebuilt  of  permanent  materials  in  Swope  Park  at  Kansas  City  after  the  Exposition.  I  he  New  V  ik  (  itv  building  at  the 
entrance  to  the  Municipal  Street  contains  numerous  municipal  exhibits  including  a  topographical  map  of  Greater  New  York.  The  San  Francisco  building  is  a  repoducti "ii  of  the 
well-known  Ferry  Depot  and  a  special  feature  of  the  exhibit  is  a  display  of  shipping  facilities. 


EMERGENCY  HOSPITAL.  MODEL  TOWN  HALL,  MUNICIPAL  STREET. 

GUILD  HALL,  MUNICIPAL  STREET.  MODEL  SCHOOL,  NEAR  EAST  ART  PAVILION. 

The  Emergency  Hospital,  on  the  Municipal  Street,  serves  a  practical  purpose  and  furnishes  a  demonstration  of  methods  of  caring  for  the  sick  and  injured.  The  Town  Hall  is 
devoted  to  exhibits  of  municipal  affairs,  in  which  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  are  prominently  represented.  The  Guild  Hall  is  devoted  to  education.  A  correspondence 
school  shows  the  methods  used  in  carrying  on  systematic  instruction  by  mail. 


MISSOURI  STATE  BUILDING. 

The  most  northern  of  the  group  on  the  Plateau  of  States,  lying  directly  south  of  the  U.  S.  Government  Building.  It  is  .112  by  1(>0  feet  in  area,  and  cost  5125.000.  To  the 
predominating  Roman  type  of  architecture  have  been  added  some  purely  American  features.  The  dome  is  a  perfect  hemisphere,  gilded  and  crowned  with  the  magnificent  statue  of 
Winged  Victory.  The  central  portion  of  the  building  is  decorated  with  sculptured  groups  and  single  statues  of  great  beauty.  A  rotunda  76  feet  square  is  the  principal  interior 
feature,  adjoining  an  auditorium  and  reception  room  seating  1,500  persons.  The  mantel  In  this  room  cost  Si .  1  0,  and  in  the  center  of  the  rotunda  is  an  electric  fountain  gnsWng 
ice  water,  installed  at  a  cost  of  42,000.  The  building  is  equipped  with  a  cooling  system  for  use  in  hot  weather.  The  cost  of  the  sculpture  with  which  the  interior  and  exteri  r  <  i 
the  building  is  decorated  is  over  514,000. 


JERUSALEM— THE  GREAT 

This  magnificent  picture  shows  the  grand  scale  upon  which  the  work  of  reproducing  the  Holy  City  of  Palestine  at  the  World’s  Fair  has  been  done.  All  Christendom  has  been 
interested  in  this  undertaking  which  has  cost  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars.  The  city  as  here  constructed  covers  about  13  acres  and  embraces  the  most  historic  streets  and 
buildings  of  the  biblical  city  as  it  is  today.  The  view  is  from  the  west  pavilion  near  the  colonnade  of  states.  At  the  left  of  the  picture,  behind  the  trees,  is  the  Jaffa  Gate.  This 
leads  into  David  Court,  the  market  place,  a  scene  typical  of  Jerusalem.  Hundreds  of  natives  of  the  Holy  City  people  this  new  Jerusalem  and  make  interesting  the  sojourn  of  the 
World’s  Fair  visitor  within  the  gates. 


REPRODUCTION  OF  THE  HOLY  CITY. 

The  principal  buildings  here  reproduced  are  the  Mosque  of  Omar  and  the  church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  The  visitor  may  see  the  Jews'  Wailing  Wall,  the  d  him  f  the 
Mount  of  Olives,  showing  the  Garden  of  Gethseinane,  Valley  of  Kedron,  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  Mohammedan  minaret  erected  on  the  spot  "f  the  ascensi  n .  the  \  i  I  >•  1  i  -  i  \' 

of  Sorrow  along  which  Christ  bore  the  Cross,  the  barracks  where  Christ  was  tried  and  other  historic  places.  The  streets  are  many  and  narrow  and  wind  in  and  it  among  tin- 
hundreds  of  houses  and  shops.  Jerusalem  stands  apart  from  the  other  Concessions  in  a  valley  south  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery.  A  large  number  of  natural  cedar  trees  enhance 
its  beauty  and  interest. 


OKLAHOMA.  WEST  VIRGINIA. 

KENTUCKY.  LOUISIANA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  Oklahoma  appropriation  was  Si 00, 000,  the  building  costing  816,000.  It  is  the  Moorish  type  of  architecture.  The  West  Virginia  Building  is  of  the  colonial  type,  with 
classical  domes  at  the  corners  and  a  large  center  dome  which  forms  an  observatory.  The  cost  was  818,000.  The  Kentucky  building,  known  as  the  “New  Kentucky  Home,”  was 
constructed  with  an  outlay  of  829,000.  It  is  very  ornate  and  occupies  a  convenient  site  near  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy.  The  Louisiana  Building,  situated  on  the  terrace 
above  the  Government  Building,  is  a  reproduction  of  the  Cabildo  or  Town  Hall  of  New  Orleans  in  which  the  transfer  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  took  place  in  180.1.  The  Louisiana 

appropriation  was  8100,000. 


IOWA.  CONNECTICUT. 

ARKANSAS.  KANSAS. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

Iowa  was  the  first  state  to  erect  a  building  at  the  World’s  Fair  and  chose  one  of  the  most  commanding  sites.  It  is  a  very  large  and  commodious  building,  almost  C'fitinualh 
thronged  with  Iowa’s  people  and  their  friends.  A  magnificent  pipe  organ  is  a  feature  of  this  building  and  well  attended  organ  concerts  are  given  daily.  Arkansas  ch  the  c-  I  I 
style  for  its  large  and  imposing  building.  Native  woods  and  onyx  of  the  state  were  employed  in  its  construction.  Photographs  of  Arkansas  scenery  decorate  the  w  ills.  The 
Connecticut  Building  represents  an  old-fashioned  luxurious  home  of  New  England  a  century  ago.  Old  wood  work  was  taken  from  the  home  of  the  poet  ,\\rs.  Sigourney,  at  11.  tt  ! 
and  the  Slater  house  in  Norwich,  which  were  recently  torn  down,  and  the  material  used  in  the  construction  of  this  building,  which  COSt  <40,000,  The  Kansas  Building  is  00  UK 
order  of  a  Club  House  and  cost  nearly  <30,000, 


PENNSYLVANIA.  MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  YORK.  OHIO. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

From  her  appropriation  of  $.500,000  Pennsylvania  has  erected  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  state  buildings  at  the  Exposition.  The  Liberty  Bell  is  the  chief  attraction  here. 
New  York  expended  nearly  $60,000  in  the  construction  of  the  state  headquarters  building.  It  is  colonial  in  type  with  broad  verandas  completely  surrounding  it.  The  Massachusetts 
Building  is  an  old  colonial  mansion  and  includes  in  its  facade  a  reproduction  of  the  Bulfinch  front  of  the  State  Capitol.  Its  interior  is  in  part  a  reproduction  of  the  old  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Senate  Chamber  and  House  of  Representatives.  Porches  at  either  end  are  like  those  of  the  Longfellow  House  at  Cambridge.  The  Ohio  Building  stands  amid  oak  trees  on 

the  east  side  of  Commonwealth  Avenue  near  the  Missouri  Building  and  cost  $.55,000. 


WASHINGTON  STATE  BUILDING.  ARIZONA. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

Washington  has  aimed  to  make  an  impressive  display  of  her  vast  timber  resources  in  her  state  building.  Eight  spruce  timbers,  two  feet  square  K  ■  hunJred  feet  1  :v. 
with  a  spread  of  77  feet  at  the  base,  are  brought  nearly  together  at  the  top  and  support  an  observatory  more  than  one  hundred  feet  above  ground.  I  he  building  has  five  snaies. 
With  an  appropriation  of  but  830,000  Arizona  expended  the  larger  part  of  the  fund  upon  her  exhibits  in  the  larger  exhibit  palaces.  The  Arizonia  BuiUin  is.  theretore,  small, 
but  nevertheless  prominent,  comfortable  and  pleasing.  New  Mexico  Building  is  in  the  style  of  the  Spanish  Renaissance,  and  stands  at  the  junction  of  two  streets  opposite  the 
Montana  Building. 


STATE  OF  MAINE.  MISSISSIPPI. 

INDIAN  TERRITORY.  MONTANA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  State  of  Maine  has  erected  a  hunter’s  lodge,  intending  thus  to  call  attention  not  only  to  the  timber  resources  of  the  state  but  to  the  resources  of  pleasure  for  the  sportsmen. 
The  material  and  logs  used  in  the  construction  of  the  building  were  brought  from  Maine.  The  Mississippi  building  is  a  reproduction  of  Beauvoir,  the  home  of  Jefferson  Davis,  in 
which  he  wrote  the  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Southern  Confederacy.  The  Indian  Territory  is  represented  by  an  imposing  building  of  the  colonial  type  and  it  is  one  of  the  first  to  greet  the 
visitor  as  he  comes  through  the  State  entrance.  The  Territory  has  shown  itself  very  enterprising  in  its  representation  at  the  World’s  Fair.  The  mountainous  State  of  Montana  has 
for  its  headquarters  a  structure  of  modified  Doric  architecture.  The  entire  building  is  so  arranged  that  it  may  be  thrown  open  on  a  warm  day,  and  its  situation  among  the  trees 
makes  it  a  very  delightful  retreat. 


VERMONT.  MARYLAND. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  NEVADA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  New  Hampshire  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  the  birthplace  of  Daniel  Webster.  The  Vermont  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  the  old  Constitution  H"iise  in  \vh  h  the 
Constitution  of  the  State  was  written.  The  Maryland  Building  represents  an  expenditure  of  S20,000.  It  is  two  stories  high  and  the  architecture  is  Italian  renaissance.  The  n  r 
terrace  of  the  building  commands  a  view  of  the  large  Government  bird  cage.  The  Nevada  Building  has  wide  verandas  and  is  in  the  Bungalow  type.  The  state  is  rich  in  mine-  1 
resources  and  precious  metals  and  its  displays  are  of  these  products. 


OREGON.  IDAHO. 

UTAH.  GEORGIA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  Oregon  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  old  Fort  Clatsop  and  stockade  which  were  used  by  Lewis  and  Clark  in  the  winter  of  1805-06.  The  fort  was  built  by  the  explorers 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  and  was  the  first  building  constructed  in  Oregon  by  white  men,  upon  lands  of  the  Clatsop  Indians.  The  Idaho  Building  is  in  the  bungalow  style  and 
has  a  large  open  court.  The  arrangement  suggests  the  Spanish  house.  The  building  contains  ten  rooms,  and  is  much  admired  by  visitors.  The  Utah  Building  is  a  convenient 
dub  house,  fifty  feet  square,  and  is  situated  near  the  States  entrance  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  Exposition  grounds.  Utah  has  a  large  display  in  the  Palace  of  Mines  and 
Metallurgy  and  other  exhibit  palaces.  The  Georgia  Building  is  the  old  home  of  Gen.  John  B.  Gordon,  situated  at  Kirkwood,  a  suburb  of  Atlanta,  and  known  as  Sutherland 


VIRGINIA.  WISCONSIN. 

RHODE  ISLAND.  INDIANA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  Virginia  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  Monticello,  the  home  of  President  Jefferson,  during  whose  administration  the  Louisiana  Purchase  was  made.  The  Rh  ,le  I 
Building  is  of  the  colonial  type.  The  front  piazza  is  taken  from  the  old  Carrington  House  in  Providence,  and  the  circular  gable  windows  from  the  Smith  House.  All  the  t  >m> 
large  open  fire-places  with  gas  logs  and  their  mantels  are  fine  examples  of  colonial  work.  The  Wisconsin  Building  is  constructed  in  the  Club  House  style  with  main  .  i  . 
tine  views  of  Wisconsin  decorate  the  walls.  Indiana  has  a  very  pretentious  building  and  occupies  a  commanding  position  among  the  State  groups.  The  style  i--  l:r.  a  h  i  " 


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ance. 


CALIFORNIA.  NEW  JERSEY. 

TEXAS.  SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  Texas  Building  is  a  massive  structure  in  the  form  of  a  five-pointed  star,  with  a  center  dome  rising  1.12  feet  from  the  ground.  Native  woods  and  marble  of  Texas  are 
used  in  the  interior  finishing  of  the  building.  The  California  Building  is  an  exact  reproduction  of  the  LaRabida  Mission  at  Santa  Barbara  and  stands  almost  in  the  center  of  the 
Exposition  grounds.  The  interior  is  handsomely  furnished  with  furniture  made  of  California  woods,  and  all  the  decorations  are  suggestive  of  the  state.  The  New  Jersey  B  hiding 
is  a  reproduction  of  the  old  Ford  tavern  at  Norristown,  N.  J.,  used  by  Gen.  Washington  as  headquarters  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  South  Dakota  Building  is  amo  lg  the 
trees  near  the  Texas  Building,  south  of  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy.  The  interior  is  decorated  with  corn  and  other  grains  and  grasses,  which  are  the  chief  products  of 
the  state. 


TENNESSEE.  MICHIGAN. 

ILLINOIS.  MINNESOTA. 

STATE  BUILDINGS. 

The  Tennessee  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  the  home  of  President  Andrew  Jackson  known  as  the  Hermitage,  situated  near  Nashville.  The  Michigan  builJing  is  in  the  Grecian 
style  of  architecture.  It  is  built  of  cement  and  other  materials  which  were  contributed  for  this  building.  It  is  a  large  substantial  and  attractive  structure.  The  State  of  Illinois 
appropriated  8250,000  for  its  representation  at  the  World’s  Fair  and  the  State  Building  represents  an  outlay  of  $1  it  occupies  a  site  on  high  ground  southwest  "t  the  Palace 

of  Machinery  near  the  California  Building.  The  Minnesota  Building  represents  an  expenditure  of  over  $16,000  and  is  a  two-story  structure.  It  is  of  the  Greek  Byzantine  style. 
The  furniture  was  largely  furnished  by  the  mechanical  schools  of  the  State. 


MISSOURI  AND  OTHER  STATE  BUILDINGS. 

u.  s.  Government  building. 
u.  s.  army  and  marine  camps. 


LOOKING  SOUTH  AND  WEST  OVER  THE  WORLD 

FESTIVAL  HALL  AND  CASCADES. 

PALACE  OF  MINES.  PLAZA  OF  ORLEANS.  PALACE  OF  EDl'CATI 

PALACE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 


FAIR  FROM  THE  WIRELESS  TELEGRAPH  TOWER. 

palace  of  machinery.  The  dome  indicates  the  pike.  Tyrolean  alps. 

PALACE  OF  ELECTRICITY.  PALACE  OF  TRANSPORTATION.  INTRAMI  RAI  RAILWAY. 

PALACE  OF  MANUFACTURES.  PALACE  OF  VARIED  INDUSTRIES.  BUILDINGS  IN  THE  MUNICIPAL  STREET. 

ME  OF  THE  DISTANT  TOWERS  ARE  MORE  THAN  A  MILE  AWAY. 


QUEEN  VICTORIA’S  JUBILEE  PRESENTS. 

King  Edward’s  interest  in  the  World’s  Fair  was  clearly  shown  when  he  authorized  the  exhibition  of  the  Jubilee  presents  of  his  lamented  mother.  Among  them  are  a  silver 
casket  from  the  Island  of  Trinidad;  a  basket  of  satin  wood,  highly  decorated  with  gold  flowers,  from  Jamaica;  a  tiger  skull  from  India,  mounted  in  gold;  a  hanging  lamp  in  chased 
bronze,  from  one  of  the  small  states  of  India;  two  huge  ivory  tusks  set  as  vases  and  decorated  in  gold,  supported  by  two  elephants’  heads  in  black  ebony  and  having  between 
them  an  image  of  Lukshire,  the  Goddess  of  Prosperity,  from  the  Maharajah  of  Travancore.  The  collection  is  valued  at  over  *5,000,000,  and  was  sent  over  under  a  strong  guard 
nf  English  detectives,  who  will  remain  on  guard  during  the  Exposition.  These  treasures  are  displayed  to  the  public  in  the  Hall  of  Congresses,  and  form  one  of  the  most  interesting 
features  of  the  Exposition. 


STATUE  OF  DESOTO,  PLAZA  OF  ST.  LOUIS. 

Among  the  many  excellent  equestrian  statues  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  none  is  more  generally  admired  than  that  of  De  Soto,  which  stands  at  the  right  of  the  Pla/j  of 
St.  Louis  as  the  visitor  faces  Festival  Hall.  Raised  on  a  massive  pedestal,  and  with  the  green  of  splendid  maples  and  the  ivory  white  of  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries  t  r  a  ba.  s- 
ground,  it  is  indeed  a  commanding  figure.  The  daring  Spanish  explorer  has  reined  in  his  restive  steed  and  is  doffing  his  cavalier’s  hat  in  welcome  to  the  throngs  who  have 
assembled  to  celebrate  the  centennial  of  America’s  acquisition  of  that  territory  which  he  and  his  followers  attempted,  in  the  years  1539-1542  to  explore  and  conquer.  It  is 
eminently  fitting  that  De  Soto  should  be  given  a  prominent  place  on  the  grounds  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  since  he  was,  in  all  probability,  the  first  white  man  who  ever 
looked  upon  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  that  river  that  has  been  of  such  vital  importance  to  the  development  of  the  Louisiana  territory. 


CHILDREN  OF  MANY  NATIONS. 

The  most  valuable  feature  of  a  great  World’s  Fair  is  the  concourse  of  strange  peoples,  such  as  one  would  not  be  able  to  see  in  an  ordinary  journey  around  the  earth.  Never 
before  have  so  many  nationalities  and  tribes  been  brought  together  as  may  be  seen  at  the  World’s  Fair.  Every  class  of  American  native,  from  the  Esquimau  of  the  far  north  to  the 
giant  of  Patagonia  is  here.  There  are  pygmies  and  Kaffirs  from  Africa,  Ainus  from  the  north  of  Japan  and  at  least  four  distinct  races  that  represent  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Philippines.  These  widely  separated  peoples  may  be  studied  in  their  characteristic  dwellings  in  the  Philippine  Reservation,  the  live  Anthropology  section  in  connection  with  the 
Model  Indian  School  and  on  the  Pike.  It  is  on  Sunday  afternoons  that  the  children  of  all  these  strange  parents  are  brought  together.  The  Model  Playground,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  Exposition  grounds,  a  part  of  the  Model  City,  is  the  scene  of  the  Congress  of  All  Nationalities.  Here  Moro  and  Igorrote,  Ainu  and  Cocopa,  Esquimau  and  Moqui  rub  shoulders 
with  their  more  civilized  brothers.  It  is  a  sight  that  may  never  be  seen  again,  one  well  worthy  to  be  seen. 


TREE-DWELLING  MOROS,  SAMAL  MOROS,  AND  IGORROTE  WEAVERS. 

At  the  left  of  the  picture  is  shown  one  of  the  houses  of  the  tree-dwelling  Moros  from  the  interior  of  Mindanao  Island.  It  is  located  in  a  tree  in  the  court  of  the  Ethm  logy 
Building  in  the  Philippine  Exhibit,  and  stands  out  most  picturesquely  from  its  elevation  of  about  thirty  feet.  The  approach  to  it  is  by  means  of  a  bamboo  ladder,  and  the  whole 
structure  is  ingeniously  lashed  in  place.  Small  as  it  appears,  five  persons  find  in  it  a  safe  refuge  from  enemies.  At  the  upper  right  of  the  picture  is  shown  a  view  of  tine  S.imal 
Moros,  or  sea-gypsies  Their  houses  at  the  Exposition  are  built  as  at  home,  on  bamboo  piles  in  the  water,  and  their  boats  are  of  their  ow  n  construction.  These  people  are  fam  us 
pearl  divers  and  bold  pirates.  For  centuries  they  were  the  terror  of  natives  and  Europeans  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  it  was  not  many  years  ago  that  they  ventured  ini  >  the 
Bay  of  Manilla  with  hostile  intent.  Their  religion  is  Mohammedan,  and  they  are  ruled  by  a  chief  who  lives  in  Oriental  splendor.  The  third  view,  at  the  lower  right  of  the  picture, 
shows  Suyoc  Igorrote  women  engaged  in  weaving,  on  their  ingenious  hand-looms,  the  bright-colored  cloth  which  goes  into  their  garments.  The  men  of  this  tribe  are  copper  miners, 
and  the  whole  tribe  occupies  a  high  place  industrially. 


NEGRITOS,  IGORROTES  AND  MOROS. 

The  two  views  at  the  left  of  the  accompanying  engraving  represent  the  people  of  the  Negrito  race;  the  upper  one  shows  the  bowmen,  the  lower  a  native  wedding  ceremony. 
These  people  are  the  aborigines  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  of  the  real  negro  type,  black,  but  of  very  small  stature.  They  are  extremely  skillful  with  the  bow  and  arrow,  using 
poisoned  arrows  at  home,  and  terrorizing  the  other  natives  of  the  Philippines.  They  have  no  fixed  habitation,  but  wander  around  at  their  pleasure,  erecting  small  huts  where  they 
tarry.  Intellectually  they  are  a  feeble  people,  and  possessed  of  the  full  share  of  savage  vanity.  There  are  only  2.1,000  of  them  in  the  islands,  and  the  constant  lessening  of  their 
numbers  shows  that  they  are  doomed  to  extinction.  The  Bontoc  Igorrotes  are  shown  at  the  upper  right  of  the  picture,  engaged  in  one  of  their  fascinating  dances,  which  no  Expo¬ 
sition  visitor  willingly  misses  seeing.  These  are  the  men  who  have  made  themselves  famous  as  dog-eaters  and  head-hunters.  The  women,  it  may  be  remarked,  are  not  permitted 
by  their  lords  to  enjoy  the  dog-feast,  though  the  official  sanction  has  been  placed  on  the  use  of  this  dainty  at  the  Fair.  The  figure  in  the  scene  at  the  lower  right  is  that  of  a  Moro 
woman  engaged  in  weaving,  an  occupation  in  which  these  natives  show  much  skill. 


LOOKING  DOWN  THE  PIKE. 

The  Pike  is  a  street  a  mile  long,  solidly  lined  with  amusements  more  varied,  more  elaborate  and  more  costly  than  any  previous  exposition  lux  ever  contained.  The  bt  1 
interior  street  does  not  extend  the  entire  length  of  the  Pike,  but  turns  south  at  the  two  ends,  making  wide  entrances,  which  are  supplemented  by  others  at  convenient  p  i- 
Here,  in  this  famous  street,  some  fifty  entertainments  have  been  installed,  at  a  total  cost  of  nearly  510,000,000.  Many  of  the  structures  can  be  fairly  termed  p  ' filial .  An  ■ 
of  attendants  care  for  these  exhibitions,  and  people  from  far  and  from  near  contribute  to  the  entertainment.  When  night  comes,  and  the  exhibit  palaces  are  closed,  the  thron 
on  the  Pike.  Everyone  on  the  grounds,  wherever  else  he  goes,  takes  a  stroll  down  the  Pike,  to  see  the  life  and  motion  and  color  and  light,  to  hear  the  l  ands  and  list  a  to  tl 
ingenious  gentlemen  whose  wits  are  sharpened  in  the  competition  for  patronage,  and  whose  vocal  powers,  assisted  by  megaphones,  vie  successfully  with  the  brass  bands.  It  Is 
an  inspiring  spectacle — fifty  or  a  hundred  thousand  people  ceaselessly  moving,  the  wise  and  the  simple,  the  great  and  the  ha  nble,  all  pie  ixed  and  happy,  care-fre  •  and  x  i:  ,  it  : 
recreation  solely,  all  drifting  comfortably  about,  nobody  jostled  or  jammed,  all  finding  so  much  to  amuse  and  please  that  one  need  give  no  thought  to  what  he  shall  s<-e  or  d".  'undent 
that  every  show  is  worth  entering  once  and  that  every  one  is  proper  and  genuine. 


MOORISH  PALACE.  PALAIS  du  COSTUME. 

NAVAL  EXHIBIT.  RUSSIAN  IMPERIAL  TROUPE. 

The  Moorish  Palace  is  an  exhibition  illustrating  historic  events  connected  with  the  settlement  and  purchase  of  the  Louisiana  Territory.  The  figures  are  wax,  clothed  in  the 
garments  of  the  period.  Other  groups  illustrate  the  manners,  customs  and  racial  characteristics  of  East  Indian  peoples.  The  Naval  exhibit  is  a  realistic  reproduction  of  a  navy  in 
action.  he  fleet  consists  of  eight  battleships,  six  cruisers,  six  torpedo  boats  and  one  submarine  boat,  copies  in  miniature  of  famous  vessels.  Each  vessel  is  21  feet  long.  The 
entertainment  consists  first  of  a  series  of  drills  and  evolutions,  then  the  blockading  of  a  fortified  city  and  a  terrific  battle.  The  Palais  du  Costume  is  a  historic  display  of  costumes 
mm  t  tose  worn  by  queens  of  long  ago  to  a  fine  show  of  the  latest  apparel  for  women.  Many  historic  scenes  are  portrayed.  The  Russian  Imperial  Troupe  of  fifty  performers  from 
Moscow  appear  in  their  native  songs  and  dances. 


GEISHA  GIRLS  IN  FAIR  JAPAN. 


When  one  passes  down  the  Pike,  he  will  do  well  to  view  the  towering  Nikko  Gate  of  “Fair  Japan,’’  with  its  gracefully  overhanging  roof  and  great  crimson  columns  twined 
about  with  dragons  and  all  glittering  with  electric  lights.  If  he  elects  to  enter,  he  comes  upon  a  theater  set  in  one  of  those  dainty  Japanese  gardens  of  which  we  hear  so  much  a  J 
see  so  little.  In  the  theater  the  geisha  girls,  fifty  of  whom  were  brought  over  for  this  attraction,  entertain  the  visitor  with  the  songs  and  dances  popular  in  Japan.  One  I  th 
weirdest  of  these  is  the  spider-dance.  All  of  these  performances  are  colorful  and  unique,  and  pervaded  with  the  charm  of  Japanese  young  women,  who  flit  about  e\  <. :  v  here  r. 
gardens  and  bazaars,  demure  and  fair.  The  garden  at  the  left  of  the  theater  is  a  miniature  copy  of  the  Imperial  Garden  in  Tokio,  and  with  its  tiny  lakes,  bri  s  .if  qu  .int  J.  ' 
waterfalls  and  pavilions,  makes  an  appropriate  setting  for  the  Oriental  life  of  the  place.  Not  far  from  300  Japanese  men,  women  and  children  inhabit  this  deli  'htful  spot,  man) 
them  occupied  with  the  care  of  the  bazaars  and  little  shops,  where  polite  English  is  spoken  to  the  visitor  who  may  care  to  examine  the  exquisite  wares  uttered  I  r  s  '  lit  t  a 
garden  one  may  be  served  with  light  refreshments  by  the  charming  and  dainty  young  women  who  are  seen  grouped  near  the  Lake  in  the  illustration. 


INFANT  INCUBATORS. 


HEREAFTER. 


MAGIC  WHIRLPOOL. 


STREETS  OF  SEVILLE. 


THE  PIKE. 


HAGENBECK'S  TRAINED  WILD  ANIMAL  ARENA. 


HALE’S  FIRE  FIGHTING  EXHIBIT. 


SPECTATORIUM.  OLD  ST.  LOUIS. 


THE  PIKE. 


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OLD  PLANTATION.  BATTLE  ABBEY. 

The  Pueblo  Indians  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  the  former  cliff  dwellers  in  times  remote  when  such  inaccessible  dwellings  were  a  necessity  for  the  sake  of  '•afet'.  from  war¬ 
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actor,  the  Moqui  snake  dance  being  numbered  among  the  acts. — The  Chinese  village  is  both  large  and  gorgeous.  The  theater  is  especially  interesting.  The  J*  >ss  lv >use,  t  i  )r  >u-  . 
silk  weavers,  ivory  carvers  and  other  artisans  all  combine  to  make  the  visitor’s  stay  most  delightful. — Old  Plantation  is  devoted  to  a  representation  of  scenes  and  pastimes  in  the 
Sunny  South. — The  Battle  Abbey  has  a  thrilling  interest  for  soldiers  and  the  children  of  soldiers.  Two  of  the  greatest  Cycloramas  of  the  world  are  here,  the  Battles  i  Gettysburg 
and  Manassas,  besides  five  dioramas  of  other  historic  battles,  and  a  great  museum  of  war  relics  in  which  one  may  spend  a  day  without  losing  interest. 


IRELAND— BLARNEY  CASTLE-  PARIS. 

“Ireland"’  is  one  of  the  great  features  of  the  Pike,  embracing  many  historic  buildings.  One  of  these  is  the  Parliament  House  in  Dublin,  Carmack’s  Castle,  Blarney  Castle 
and  the  AtcKinley  ancestral  cottage.  A  large  exhibit  building  contains  a  vast  display  of  Irish  manufactures,  embracing  linens,  laces  and  other  fine  fabrics  of  interest  to  ladies. 
Besides  these  there  are  many  fine  old  historic  objects,  in  furniture  and  plate,  engravings  and  glassware,  books  and  portraits.  An  Irish  theater  with  actors  from  Ireland  adds  to  the 
genuineness  of  the  feature. — Twenty-six  distinct  buildings  of  Arabic  architecture  with  67  booths  make  up  the  Streets  of  Cairo  and  Constantinople.  The  bazaars  of  Stamboul  are 
faithfully  reproduced.  Street  life  in  these  cities  of  the  Levant  is  here  transplanted  to  the  Pike. — Paris  is  a  brisk  and  popular  vaudeville  entertainment. 


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TYROLEAN  ALPS. 

Few  visitors  to  the  Exposition  fail  to  visit  the  Tyrolean  Alps,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  interesting  of  the  concession  features.  Artificial  mountains  of  towering  height  have 
been  constructed  and  under  their  shadow  a  great  dining  hall  where  every  day  some  thousands  of  visitors  listen  to  what  is  considered  the  finest  band  in  America  while  enjoying  dinner 
a  la  carte.  The  surroundings  are  Tyrolean,  from  the  style  of  architecture  to  the  girls  who  sell  edelweiss.  Tyrolese  singers  of  fine  voice  take  turns  with  the  great  orchestra  whose 
least  player  is  purported  to  receive  a  salary  of  $45  a  week.  An  electric  fountain,  which  shoots  to  a  height  of  75  feet,  in  constantly  changing  colors,  is  one  of  the  many  garden  effects. 
The  mountain  trip  by  railroad  carries  the  visitor  into  the  heart  of  the  Alps.  He  is  shown  famous  villages  and  valleys  in  the  mountains  of  the  Tyrol  and  the  glaciers  are  reproduced 
with  realistic  effect.  Real  waterfalls  and  cascades  complete  the  charm.  The  trip  ends  with  a  long  slide  that  results  invariably  with  an  explosion  of  laughter  and  expressions  of  delight. 
Other  features  of  the  Tyrolean  Alps  are:  The  Alpine  Village  in  which  the  house  where  Mozart  was  born  is  reproduced,  a  Tyrolese  council  hall,  a  barn  for  national  dances  and  a  chapel. 


